Studying in Spain in 2024 provides students with unique opportunities to receive a quality education that combines European academic traditions with innovative approaches. The country’s educational institutions are known for their high level of training and offer programs in different languages, including English, which makes studying and living in Spain attractive to international students.
Studying in Spain offers international internships and career opportunities, as well as access to living in one of the most culturally rich countries in Europe. Learn about the nuances of enrollment and the benefits of studying in Spain in the article below.
Overview of the Spanish education system
Spain’s education system spans from kindergarten to higher education and combines classical education with highly specialized programs focused on specific skills and labor market needs.
| Stage of training | Age |
|---|---|
| Kindergarten | 0–6 years |
| Elementary school | 6–12 years |
| Secondary school | 12–16 years |
| High School | 16–18 years |
| Vocational training | from 18 years |
| Higher education | from 18 years |
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Pre-school education in Spain
In Spain, pre-school education is available for children aged 0 to 6 and is divided into two main stages:
- Nursery (0-3 years).
This stage focuses on the overall development of young children, including their emotional, physical, and social growth. Nursery education is not compulsory and largely depends on parents’ preferences. At this age, children typically attend nursery groups, where the emphasis is on individual care, early socialization, and creating a nurturing environment.
- Kindergarten (3-6 years).
This stage prepares children for elementary school, with a strong focus on developing thinking, speech, and basic learning skills. At this point, children usually attend kindergartens that are either attached to public or private schools. Basic educational concepts like reading, counting, and communication are introduced to lay the foundation for future learning.
Both public and private kindergartens offer various early education formats. Public kindergartens are government-subsidized, making them accessible and affordable for most families. Private kindergartens, on the other hand, provide additional options, such as bilingual programs (e.g., Spanish and English) or specialized curricula focusing on specific subjects or areas of development.
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Primary education in Spain
Primary education in Spain is designed for children aged 6 to 12 and is both compulsory and free for all residents of the country. This stage consists of six academic years, divided into two three-year cycles, and focuses on building foundational academic knowledge and essential social skills.
The curriculum follows state standards established by the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. Core subjects include Spanish language and literature, mathematics, natural and social sciences, art, physical education, and a foreign language—most commonly English. In regions with official regional languages, such as Catalonia, the Basque Country, and Galicia, certain subjects are also taught in those languages.
Students are regularly assessed to monitor their progress, and promotion to the next grade depends on performance. At the end of primary education, children receive a certificate, enabling them to advance to secondary school.
In Spain, primary education is offered by three types of institutions:
- Public schools: Fully funded by the government and offering free education.
- Private schools: Operate on a tuition-based system.
- Semi-public schools (Colegios Concertados): Partially funded by the government and parents.
While tuition in public schools is free, additional expenses, such as educational materials, field trips, and extracurricular activities, can vary but generally amount to a few hundred euros annually.
Secondary education in Spain
Secondary education in Spain, known as Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO), is designed for children aged 12 to 16 and is compulsory for all residents of the country. This stage consists of four academic years and focuses on enhancing students’ academic knowledge, critical thinking, and social skills. ESO marks the completion of compulsory education and prepares students to either continue to high school (Bachillerato) or pursue vocational training (Formación Profesional).
The curriculum includes core subjects, with additional elective courses that students can choose based on their interests and future career goals. At the end of ESO, students take final exams, which determine their next educational step. Those who successfully complete this stage receive a certificate, enabling them to progress to high school or vocational school. The system functions similarly to elementary school – there are public, semi-public and private schools.
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Bachillerato
The Bachillerato in Spain is a two-year program for students aged 16 to 18, following compulsory secondary education (ESO). This stage plays a crucial role in preparing students for higher education or professional careers. Its primary aim is to provide in-depth knowledge and skills in chosen fields while fostering critical thinking, analytical abilities, and independence.
The Bachillerato program offers several specialized tracks to align with students’ interests and future goals. The most common areas of study include:
- Science and Technology
- Humanities
- Social Sciences
- Arts
Vocational training in Spain
Vocational education in Spain, known as Formación Profesional (FP), offers specialized training programs to prepare skilled professionals for specific industries such as engineering, healthcare, information technology, and tourism. The FP system is divided into two levels:
- Intermediate Level (Grado Medio): Designed for graduates of compulsory secondary education (ESO), these programs last 2 years.
- Advanced Level (Grado Superior): Intended for students who have completed Bachillerato or Grado Medio, these programs also span 2 years.
FP programs combine both theoretical knowledge and hands-on practical training. A significant portion of the training takes place in companies, giving students valuable real-world experience and improving their competitiveness in the job market.
Graduates of Formación Profesional programs have the option to continue their education at a university or pursue further specialized courses for advanced professional development.
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University education in Spain
Higher education in Spain follows a three-stage system:
- Bachelor’s Degree (Grado): Typically lasts 4 years and combines general education with specialized courses relevant to the chosen field of study.
- Master’s Degree (Máster): Lasts 1 to 2 years and focuses on in-depth study of specific subjects, often including practical training or research work.
- Doctorate (Doctorado): Involves original research and takes approximately 3 years to complete, culminating in the defense of a dissertation.
To enter a Grado program, graduates of the Bachillerato program must pass an entrance exam (Selectividad). The exam results determine eligibility for specific faculties, as competition for places at top universities can be intense.
Spanish universities actively welcome international students and offer streamlined admissions through the UNEDasiss system, which simplifies the recognition of foreign qualifications. Additionally, many programs are available in English, enhancing the accessibility of Spanish universities and fostering their integration into the global academic community.
Costs of studying in Spain
The cost of studying in Spain varies depending on the type of institution, chosen program, and the region where the university is located. However, overall, tuition fees remain moderate compared to other European countries.
Public universities:
- Bachelor’s degree programs typically range from 700 to 2,500 EUR per year.
- Master’s degree programs generally cost between 1,000 and 3,500 EUR annually.
In certain autonomous regions, such as Catalonia and the Basque Country, tuition fees can be significantly higher for students from outside the European Union. For instance, at institutions like the University of Barcelona and the Polytechnic University of Catalonia, non-EU students may pay up to 6,000–7,000 EUR per year for a bachelor’s program and up to 8,000 EUR annually for a master’s program. These higher fees are due to regional policies that allow authorities to set their own rules for international students.
Private institutions, such as IE University and ESADE, generally charge higher tuition fees, sometimes reaching up to 25,000 EUR per year.
Public educational institutions for international students
Public universities in Spain actively attract international students by offering high-quality programs at affordable tuition rates. Institutions such as the Complutense University of Madrid and the University of Barcelona allow foreign applicants to enroll in undergraduate and graduate programs alongside local students. Tuition fees at these universities are generally the same for both domestic and international students. For specific details about costs, it’s best to check the official website of the chosen university.
Many public universities also offer programs taught in English, making them accessible to students who do not speak Spanish. For instance, the Autonomous University of Madrid provides several courses in English, opening doors to a wider pool of applicants.
Spanish public universities also encourage international student participation in research projects and provide access to state-of-the-art laboratories and libraries. For example, the Complutense University of Madrid is renowned for its research in biomedical sciences and offers equal opportunities for all students to engage in cutting-edge projects.
By combining academic excellence, affordability, and inclusivity, Spain’s public universities create an ideal environment for international students to thrive.
Scholarships and grants
Spain offers various programs providing financial assistance to students based on their academic performance, financial situation, or fields of study.
One of the most well-known programs is Erasmus+, which provides grants for students wishing to study abroad, including in Spain. The scholarship amount depends on the student’s country of origin and the duration of their stay. Funded by the European Union, Erasmus+ is available to students enrolled at participating partner universities.
Another notable option is Becas Santander, offered by Santander Bank. These scholarships—both partial and full—are available to international students pursuing undergraduate or graduate studies in Spain. Funding typically ranges between 1,700 and 2,500 EUR, depending on academic performance and individual financial needs.
Additionally, students at public universities may be eligible for grants provided by the Spanish Ministry of Education. These grants often cover tuition fees and include a monthly stipend, which is determined by the family’s financial situation.
How to enroll in Spanish universities
If you’re considering studying at a European university, your first step is to determine whether you need a visa to study in Spain. To gain admission to a Spanish university, you will typically need to:
- Provide a recognized high school diploma
- Pass an entrance exam
- Demonstrate proficiency in Spanish (or English if the program is taught in English)
For students from non-EU countries, obtaining a student visa is a mandatory requirement.
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Preparatory programs and entrance exams
One of the key requirements for admission to Spanish universities is the DELE exam, which assesses your Spanish language proficiency. Additionally, depending on the chosen university and program, applicants may need to take subject-specific entrance exams.
To increase your chances of admission, you can enroll in preparatory courses offered by top Spanish universities, such as the Complutense University of Madrid and the University of Barcelona. These programs feature intensive Spanish language instruction and lectures on essential subjects required for entrance exams. Preparatory courses typically last six months to a year and are designed to help students adapt to the Spanish education system while thoroughly preparing for their exams.
Document requirements for admission
To apply to a Spanish university, international applicants must prepare and submit the following documents:
- High school diploma
- Entrance exam results
- Academic transcript
- Letter of motivation
- Letters of recommendation from teachers
- Copy of a valid passport
All documents must be notarized and translated into Spanish. For admission to a Master’s or Doctoral program, applicants must also provide a higher education diploma and an accompanying transcript of grades, both of which must be translated and certified.
Obtaining a student visa
Students from non-EU countries can study in Spain by obtaining a student visa. To apply, you will need to prepare the following documents:
- Letter of enrollment from a Spanish university
- Completed visa application form
- Valid passport (with an expiration date at least six months beyond your planned entry into Spain)
- Proof of financial solvency
- Health insurance policy covering the entire duration of your stay in Spain
- Medical certificate confirming the absence of infectious diseases
- Certificate of no criminal record
- Proof of payment for the visa fee
Once all the required documents are ready, you must submit your application to the Spanish consulate in your country of residence. Keep in mind that the processing time can range from several weeks to a month, so it’s important to apply well in advance of your planned start date.
Step-by-step guide to enrollment
Applying to a Spanish university involves several key steps. First, choose a program and institution that suits your goals. Next, gather and prepare all required documents. Submit your application to the selected university and wait for the acceptance letter. Once accepted, apply for a student visa and make arrangements to arrive in Spain to begin your studies. Careful preparation and meeting deadlines at each stage are essential for a smooth process.
Undergraduate studies
To pursue a Bachelor’s degree in Spain, you need to:
- Complete your secondary education in your home country.
- Obtain a certificate that meets Spanish university requirements, translate it into Spanish through an official translator, and have it notarized.
- Legalize your documents if your country is not part of the Hague Apostille Convention.
- Pass the required entrance exam.
- Apply for admission to your chosen university.
Non-EU applicants must apply through the UNEDasiss portal, which evaluates foreign qualifications and registers candidates for entrance exams.
EU citizens or individuals with visa-free entry to Spain can usually submit their applications directly to the university.
Master’s degree studies
To pursue a Master’s degree in Spain, you need to:
- Hold a recognized higher education diploma, translate it into Spanish, and have it notarized.
- Select a suitable master’s program and university.
- Apply for admission, which typically requires:
- Translated and certified diploma and academic transcript
- Motivation letter
- Letters of recommendation
- Proof of language proficiency (DELE for Spanish or IELTS/TOEFL for English-taught programs).
Application deadlines
Application deadlines for admission to Spanish universities depend on the institution and program of study selected. Typically, universities offer admission 2 times a year – for the spring and fall semesters. As a rule, the application process for the fall semester begins in March and lasts until the end of June. Spring semester applications have a different deadline: from October to December. Most Spanish universities usually have separate application deadlines for foreigners and locals.
Top universities in Spain
Spain is home to a wide range of public and private universities, many of which hold prominent positions in international rankings. Leading public universities:
- University of Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona).
As one of the oldest and largest universities in Spain, the University of Barcelona is renowned for its excellence in humanities, natural sciences, and medical sciences. It consistently ranks among the top 5 universities in Spain according to the QS World University Rankings.
- Complutense University of Madrid (Universidad Complutense de Madrid).
A prestigious institution, particularly strong in law, sociology, and arts, the Complutense University is celebrated for its international exchange programs and extensive research facilities. These resources attract students worldwide for academic and professional development.
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona).
Known for its innovative programs and leading courses in natural sciences and sociology, the Autonomous University of Barcelona frequently ranks among the top 10 universities in Spain.
Top private universities:
- IE University.
Internationally recognized for its strong focus on business and management, IE University is globally renowned for its MBA programs, making it a top choice for international students.
- ESADE Business School.
Located in Barcelona, ESADE is one of Europe’s leading business schools, offering world-class programs in management, law, and finance.
Other prestigious universities:
- Pompeu Fabra University (Universitat Pompeu Fabra).
Despite being founded only in 1990, Pompeu Fabra University has quickly risen to prominence in global rankings. It is particularly well-known for its programs in economics, law, and communications.
- IESE Business School.
Affiliated with the University of Navarra, IESE Business School is consistently ranked as one of the world’s best for MBA and Executive Education programs. It offers innovative training that focuses on leadership development and practical business skills.
Pros and cons of education in Spain
Education in Spain offers numerous benefits, making it an attractive destination for students worldwide. The country combines high-quality study programs with relatively affordable tuition fees, particularly at public universities. Additionally, many Spanish universities offer programs in multiple languages, including English, which helps ease the transition for international students. Opportunities for international internships and participation in research projects further enhance the academic experience.
However, there are some challenges to consider. The admission process and adapting to the Spanish educational system can be complex and time-consuming. Another potential obstacle is the language barrier, especially for students who do not have a sufficient level of Spanish proficiency.
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Employment opportunities for students
Students studying at Spanish universities have wide access to the labor market. Many of the country’s universities actively cooperate with local and international companies to offer students internships, which are often the first step to further employment. For example, universities such as Complutense and the University of Barcelona have internship programs that are integrated into the curriculum. Students can work up to 20 hours per week while studying and up to 40 hours during vacations.
Immigration through education
Immigration through education in Spain does not lead directly to permanent residence or citizenship. A student visa allows you to live in the country for the duration of your studies, but after graduation a change of basis for residence permit is required. Graduates can apply for a work permit for up to 12 months, and then upon successful employment – change the student visa to a work visa. It is important to understand that the time on a study visa does not count towards the period for permanent residence. In order to obtain permanent residency, it is necessary to live in Spain with a work or residence permit for at least five years.
Key features of the Spanish education system
The Spanish education system stands out for several notable features:
- Active participation in the Erasmus+ program: Most universities in Spain are part of the Erasmus+ initiative, enabling students to study abroad and benefit from scholarships.
- Mandatory internships: University programs often include practical internships, providing students with valuable hands-on experience while they study.
- English-taught programs: Many universities offer programs in English, making education more accessible for international students.
- Regional language instruction: In regions with official local languages, such as Catalonia or the Basque Country, some courses may be taught in these languages—an important consideration for both local and international students.
What is Selectividad and how do you take it?
Selectividad, officially known as the Evaluación de Bachillerato para el Acceso a la Universidad (EBAU), is the entrance exam required for students who have completed secondary education in Spain and wish to pursue university studies. This exam assesses students’ knowledge of key subjects studied in the Bachillerato program and serves as a critical factor for admission to Spanish universities.
The Selectividad is divided into two parts:
- General Section.
This part includes compulsory subjects for all students: State Language and Literature, Spanish History, Foreign Language, Philosophy. It is graded on a scale of 0 to 10 points.
- Specific Section.
In this part, students select subjects relevant to their intended university specialization. The scores here range from 0 to 14 points, allowing applicants to boost their overall result and improve their chances of admission.
Spain offers international students not only high-quality academic opportunities but also a chance to immerse themselves in its vibrant and diverse culture. For those who decide to stay after completing their studies, education in Spain can be the first step toward building a career and even obtaining Spanish citizenship.
To choose the most suitable immigration program and avoid possible mistakes in the process, make an appointment for a professional consultation. Our experts will help you plan each step properly and optimize your chances of successfully obtaining a residence permit or citizenship in the European Union.
